Unit 1 Friendship
Learning about Language

1She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding placebecause she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.
她发现在藏身处安顿、平静下来很困难,因为她担心他们是否会被发现。
it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to settle and calm down in the hiding placedifficult 为宾语补足语。可用于主语+谓语+形式宾语it+宾补+真正宾语结构的动词还有believethinkconsiderfeelmake等。
I consider it important to discuss it with him.
我认为和他讨论很重要。
We make it a rule to get up at 6 o'clock every morning.
我们规定每天早上6点起床。
settle vi.安家;定居;停留 vt.(使)定居;安排;解决
My son has settled happily in America.
我儿子已在美国愉快地定居了。
He had to settle his affairs in Paris before he could return home.
他得把他在巴黎的事情料理好才能回家。
They settled their differences in a friendly way.
他们用一个友好的方法解决了他们的分歧。

settle down (在某地)定居下来,过安定的生活
I'm 30 and I want to get married and settle down.
30岁了,我想结婚过安定的生活。

settlesolve
都有解决的意思。但settle意为解决,安排好,应付,后常跟disputeargumentissuematter等作宾语;solve意为解决,后常跟problem等作宾语,侧重的是给出一个答案。
You must settle the matter among yourselves.
你们必须彼此商量,自行解决这个问题。
Our professor is so capable that he can solve this difficult problem.
我们教授非常有才干,他必定能解决这一难题。
【例1 ()We all feel ______ nice to be able to visit that famous university.
Athis         Bthat
Cit Dthese
点拨:分析句子结构可知,“to be...university”为真正的宾语,nice为宾语补足语,故横线处应为it作形式宾语。句意为:我们都觉得能够参观那所著名大学是件很好的事情。根据题意选C项。
答案:C
【例2 (★★)It's better to discuss a question without ______ it than ______ a question without discussing it.
Asettleto settle  Bsettlingto settle
Cto settlesettling  Dsettlingsettle
点拨:句意为:讨论问题而不予解决,总比未经讨论而就去解决问题要好。without为介词,后面只能跟名词或动词­ing形式,排除AC两项;than连接两个并列成to discussto settle,排除D项。所以B项为正确答案。
答案:B
【例3 完成句子
(1)我们已经决定在这里住三天。

We've ______ that we'll stay here three days.
(2)这个问题将在今晚解决。
The question ______ ______ ______ tonight.
(3)他不能静下心来工作。
He can not ______ ______ ______.
答案:(1)settled (2)will be settled (3)settle to work
【例4  settlesolve的适当形式填空
(1)He tried to ______ this puzzle.
(2)We have ______ who will pay for the meal.
(3)With the help of his friendshe finally ______ the problem.
(4)After he came back from abroadhe decided to ______ in his hometown.
答案:(1)solve (2)settled (3)solved (4)settle
2She suffered from lonelinessbut she had to learn to like it there.
她遭受着孤独之苦,但在那儿她不得不学着喜欢它。
suffer vt.& vi. 遭受;忍受;经历;受苦,受难
suffer from……的苦;患……
These plants can not suffer a cold winter.
这些植物经不住寒冬。
Many people in the world suffered from the H1N1 flu in 2009.
2009年全球很多人得了甲型H1N1流感。

suffer fromsuffer
suffer from遭受……之苦,因为……而受罪,强调原因。
suffer意为遭受到(苦痛、损失,打击、侮辱等)”,强调结果,其宾语为painlossgriefinsultpunishmenthardshipinjusticediscouragementdisappointment等。
Many of them suffered from airsickness.
他们很多人都晕飞机。
People suffered heavy losses during the flood.
洪灾期间人们遭受了巨大损失。
【例1 (★★)I suffered a lot ______ smokingso I gave ______ last year.
Atoit up Btoup it
Cfromup it Dfromit up
点拨:suffer from为固定搭配,意思是遭受……之苦;因……而受罪;代词作give up的宾语时,应该放在中间。
答案:D
【例2 A new study shows older men ______ a lack of deep sleep are more likely to develop high blood pressure.
Asuffering for  Bwho is suffering
Cwho suffer from  Dwho suffer to
点拨:句意为:一项新的研究表明缺少深度睡眠的老人更有可能患高血压。”suffer from“遭受……之苦AD搭配不妥,B项主谓不一致,且suffer的用法不当。
答案:C
3How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it's so dirty and dusty?
在这个布满灰尘的肮脏的房间里,琳达的病怎么会好呢?
recover vi.& vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得
I think he will recover from his bad cold soon.
我想不久他的重感冒就会好的。
Fully recoveredhe went back to work with renewed energy.
他痊愈之后就精力充沛地上班了。
I must study hard to recover the lost time.
我一定要努力学习,补上失去的时间。

【例题】 ()After this earthquakethe people there will spend a long time ______ from the damage.
Arecovering  Bremoving
Creturning  Dretiring
点拨:句意为:经过这场地震,那里的人们将需要很长时间才能恢复正常生活。recover“恢复remove“移动return“归还,回归retire“退休。由句意可知,A项正确。
答案:A
4“I've got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windowsAnne said to her father.
安妮对爸爸说:我已经厌烦了通过脏兮兮的窗帘和布满灰尘的窗子来看大自然。
get/be tired of ……感到厌烦
I am/get tired of this game.Let's play something else.
我厌倦了这个游戏,我们玩别的吧。

get/be tired from/with因为……而疲惫
He feels sleepyhe must get tired from work.
他昏昏欲睡,一定是工作疲惫了。
【例题】 ()The boys got tired ______ listening to the same thing again and again.
Awith Bin
Cfrom  Dof
点拨:句意为:男孩们厌烦了一遍又一遍地听同一件事。”be tired with/from...“……而疲惫be tired of...“……感到厌烦。根据题意选D项。
答案:D
5.“I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly” the girl said.
我需要迅速地把我的东西装进手提箱里,女孩说。
pack vi.& vt. 捆扎;包装;打行李 n. 小包;包裹
pack(sth)up (东西)装箱打包;结束;停止
I must pack quickly for my trip to London.
我要去伦敦,必须赶快准备行装。
We're leaving in an hour but I haven't packed my luggage yet!
我们一小时后就要动身,可我的行李还没整理好呢!
The hikers had packs on their backs.
那些徒步旅行的人都背着背包。
Have you packed up your things?你把行李都收拾好了吗?
【例题】 ()He ______ his things and left.
Apacked up Bgave up
Ctook up Dpicked up
点拨:句意为:他把东西打包好就离开了。”pack up“将东西装箱打包give up take up“开始从事,着手处理,占据pick up“拾起;学会;好转。根据题意选A项。
答案:A

直接引语和间接引语()——陈述句和疑问句变间接引语
一、定义
直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内。间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述,不用引号。例如:
He saidI watched the opening ceremony of the National Games yesterday.”
他说:昨天我观看了全国运动会的开幕式。”(引号内的话为直接引语)
→He said that he had watched the opening ceremony of the National Games the day before.

他说他前一天看了全国运动会的开幕式。(that引导的宾语从句为间接引语)
二、直接引语变为间接引语时的转换规则
1.如果直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,应将直接引语改为用that引导的宾语从句。在口语中,that可以省略。
He said“I saw her last night.”
→He said that he had seen her the night before.
注意:当直接引语主句谓语动词为“said to sb”时,间接引语中常改为told sb
He said to me“I returned the book this morning”
→He told me that he had returned the book that morning.
2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时,间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)if引导,如果主句中谓语动词是said,则将其改为asked。例如:
She said“Is your father at home
→She asked me whether my father was at home.
I asked him“Will you rest for a while or go to bed at once
→I asked him if/whether he would rest for a while or go to bed at once.
She said to me“You have seen the filmhaven't you
→She asked me if/whether I had seen the film.
3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语中仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导。
“Where do you want to spend the holiday”she asked me.
→She asked me where I wanted to spend the holiday.
“How do you go there”he said.
→He asked how I went there.
三、直接引语变为间接引语时,根据主句的要求,间接引语须在语序、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词等方面作相应的变化。
(1)语序为陈述语序。(从以上例子中可以看出)
(2)人称变化
如果直接引语是第一人称,变间接引语时,主语应与主句主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,则不用变。
He said“I usually watch TV on Sunday.”
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.
He asked me“Did you eat that apple
→He asked me if I had eaten that apple.
He said to me“She passed the exam.”
→He told me that she had passed the exam.
(3)时态的变化
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
一般过去时过去完成时
一般将来时过去将来时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
过去进行时过去进行时
过去完成时过去完成时
将来进行时过去将来进行时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语改为间接引语时,从句中谓语动词的时态一律不变。如:
He says“I finished the work.”
→He says that he finished the work.
另外,直接引语是客观事实、科学真理及名言警句时,变为间接引语时态不变。
The teacher said to us“Light travels much faster than sound.”→The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.

(4)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化。
直接引语
间接引语
this
that
指示代词
these
those
now
then
today
that day
this evening
that evening
yesterday
the day before
yesterday morning
the morning before
two days ago
two days before
next week
the following week
the next week
时间状语
tomorrow
the following day
the next day
地点状语
here
there

【例1 ()At the 2012 Spring Festival Gala Zhu Zhiwen said ______ he wanted to be a farmer who could sing well.
Awhat          Bif
Cthat Dwhether
点拨:句意为:2012年春节联欢晚会上,朱之文说他想做一个会唱歌的农民。接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用that引导。根据题意选C项。
答案:C
【例2 (★★)The boss asked his secretary ______ he had finished typing the report ______.
Aifor not Bifnot
Cwhetheror not Dwhethernot
点拨:句意为:老板问他的秘书是否已打印完了报告。直接引语变为间接引语时,疑问句由ifwhether来引导,而whetheror not 连用。根据题意选C项。
答案:C
【例3 (★★)He asked me ______.
Awhat the weather would be like tomorrow
Bwhat the weather would be like the next day
Chow the weather would be like tomorrow
Dhow would the weather be like the next day
点拨:句意为:他问我第二天天气怎么样?直接引语是特殊疑问句时,变为间接引语用特殊疑问词引导。问天气怎么样,用“What's the weather like“How's the weather,在间接引语中tomorrow变为the next day。根据题意选B项。
答案:B
【例4 ()The mother asked her daughter ______.
Awhat did she do the day before
Bwhere did she find her lost watch
Cwhen she got up that morning
Dif had she finished her homework
点拨:直接引语变为间接引语时,语序为陈述语序。只有C项符合题意。
答案:C
【例5 ()She said ______.
Athat I cleaned the roomBthat she cleaned the room
Cif she cleaned the roomDthat she had cleaned the room
点拨:句意为:她说她已清扫了房间。由句意知,陈述句用that来引导,排除C项;如果直接引语是第一人称,变为间接引语时,主语应与主句主语一致,排除A项;直接引语是一般过去时,变为间接引语时用过去完成时,故排除B项。只有D项符合题意。
答案:D

【例6 ()The teacher told the students that there ______ a meeting at three o'clock.
Awere going to haveBis going to be
Cwill beDwas going to be
点拨:told可知,直接引语变为间接引语时,直接引语中的一般将来时改为过去将来时,排除BC两项;在there be结构中be后名词为主语,a meeting作主语,谓语用单数,故D项符合题意。
答案:D
【例7 ()After the examinationmy teacher told me that failure ______ the mother of success.
Awas  BisCbe  Dbeen
点拨:表示真理、事实的直接引语变为间接引语时,时态不变,依然用一般现在时,B项符合题意。
答案:B
【例8 (★★)He told us he ______ a concert ______.
Ahad attendedthree days before
Battendeda week ago
Cwould attendsince a week ago
Dwas attendingfor a week
点拨:直接引语变间接引语时,主句若是过去时,则间接引语的一般过去时态要改为过去完成时态;three days ago改为three days before
答案:A
【例9 ()Zhou Lan said“I'll do it next week.”→Zhou Lan said that ______.
Ashe would do it next weekBshe would do it the next week
Cshe will do it next weekDshe will do it the next week
点拨:said可知,直接引语中的一般将来时改为间接引语时应变为过去将来时,故排除CD两项;next week应改为the next week,故B项符合题意。
答案:B