他说他前一天看了全国运动会的开幕式。(that引导的宾语从句为间接引语)
二、直接引语变为间接引语时的转换规则
1.如果直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,应将直接引语改为用that引导的宾语从句。在口语中,that可以省略。
①He said:“I saw her last night.”
→He said that he had seen her the night before.
注意:当直接引语主句谓语动词为“said to sb”时,间接引语中常改为told sb。
②He said to me,“I returned the book this morning”.
→He told me that he had returned the book that morning.
2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时,间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导,如果主句中谓语动词是said,则将其改为asked。例如:
①She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me whether my father was at home.
②I asked him,“Will you rest for a while or go to bed at once?”
→I asked him if/whether he would rest for a while or go to bed at once.
③She said to me,“You have seen the film,haven't you?”
→She asked me if/whether I had seen the film.
3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语中仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导。
①“Where do you want to spend the holiday?”she asked me.
→She asked me where I wanted to spend the holiday.
②“How do you go there?”he said.
→He asked how I went there.
三、直接引语变为间接引语时,根据主句的要求,间接引语须在语序、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词等方面作相应的变化。
(1)语序为陈述语序。(从以上例子中可以看出)
(2)人称变化
如果直接引语是第一人称,变间接引语时,主语应与主句主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,则不用变。
He said,“I usually watch TV on Sunday.”
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.
He asked me,“Did you eat that apple?”
→He asked me if I had eaten that apple.
He said to me,“She passed the exam.”
→He told me that she had passed the exam.
(3)时态的变化
直接引语→间接引语
一般现在时→一般过去时
一般过去时→过去完成时
一般将来时→过去将来时
现在进行时→过去进行时
现在完成时→过去完成时
过去进行时→过去进行时
过去完成时→过去完成时
将来进行时→过去将来进行时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语改为间接引语时,从句中谓语动词的时态一律不变。如:
He says,“I finished the work.”
→He says that he finished the work.
另外,直接引语是客观事实、科学真理及名言警句时,变为间接引语时态不变。
The teacher said to us,“Light travels much faster than sound.”→The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.